{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T02:43:23Z","timestamp":1778035403929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006778","name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome\u2010coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) continues to threaten lives by evolving into new variants with greater transmissibility. Although lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used to self\u2010test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), these tests suffer from low sensitivity leading to a high rate of false negative results. In this work, a multiplexed lateral flow assay is reported for the detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and influenza A and B viruses in human saliva with a built\u2010in chemical amplification of the colorimetric signal for enhanced sensitivity. To automate the amplification process, the paper\u2010based device is integrated with an imprinted flow controller, which coordinates the routing of different reagents and ensures their sequential and timely delivery to run an optimal amplification reaction. Using the assay, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and influenza A and B viruses can be detected with \u224825x higher sensitivity than commercial LFAs, and the device can detect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010positive patient saliva samples missed by commercial LFAs. The technology provides an effective and practical solution to enhance the performance of conventional LFAs and will enable sensitive self\u2010testing to prevent virus transmission and future outbreaks of new variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202208035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1680504328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chemically Amplified Multiplex Detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and Influenza A and B Viruses via Paint\u2010Programmed Lateral Flow Assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6002-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dohwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA 30332 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tevhide","family":"Ozkaya\u2010Ahmadov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA 30332 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA 30332 USA"},{"name":"Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA 30332 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016632118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24365-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2022.101278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00720-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31838-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq0203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.add5446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05053-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04980-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00997-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109229118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.35057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019716118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50169h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf9833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.866368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11090295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0913-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06257-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106724118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","author":"Service R. 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