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Here, in situ\u00a0highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bacterial infection in vivo\u00a0based on a peptide\u2010modified magnetic resonance tuning (MRET) probe (MPD\u20101) that responds to matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP\u20102) highly expressed in bacteria\u2010infected microenvironments is achieved. MPD\u20101 is an assembly of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) bearing with gadolinium ion (Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>) modified MMP\u20102\u2010cleavable self\u2010assembled peptide (P<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and bacteria\u2010targeting peptide (P), and it shows T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted signal due to the assemble of MNP and MRET ON phenomenon between MNP assembly and Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>. Once MPD\u20101 accumulates at the bacterially infected site, P<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> included in MPD\u20101 is\u00a0cleaved explicitly by MMP\u20102, which triggers the T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> contrast agent of MPD\u20101 to disassemble into the monomer of MNP, leading the recovery of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted signal. Simultaneously, Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> detaches from MNP, further enhancing the T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted signal due to MRET OFF. The sensitive MRI of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (low to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> CFU) at the myositis site and accurate differentiation between sterile inflammation and bacterial infection based on the proposed MPD\u20101 probe suggests that this novel probe would be a promising candidate for efficiently detecting bacterial infection in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202208249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T11:05:09Z","timestamp":1679051109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Enzyme\u2010Triggered Transforming of Assembly Peptide\u2010Modified Magnetic Resonance\u2010Tuned Probe for Highly Sensitive Imaging of Bacterial Infection In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Linyao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University  Chongqing 400715 P. 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