{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:43:11Z","timestamp":1793302991219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bioelectrodes have been developed to efficiently mediate electrical signals of biological systems as stimulators and recording devices. Recently, conductive hydrogels have garnered great attention as emerging materials for bioelectrode applications because they can permit intimate\/conformal contact with living tissues and tissue\u2010like softness. However, administration and control over the in vivo lifetime of bioelectrodes remain challenges. Here, injectable conductive hydrogels\u00a0(ICHs) with tunable degradability as implantable bioelectrodes are developed. ICHs\u00a0were\u00a0constructed via thiol\u2010ene reactions using poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010tetrathiol and thiol\u2010functionalized reduced graphene oxide with either hydrolyzable poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010diacrylate or stable poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010dimaleimide, the resultant hydrogels of which are degradable and nondegradable, respectively. The ICH electrodes\u00a0had\u00a0conductivities of 21\u201322 mS cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Young's moduli of 15\u201317\u00a0kPa, and showed excellent cell and tissue compatibility. The hydrolyzable conductive hydrogels disappeared 3 days after in vivo administration, while the stable conductive hydrogels maintained their shapes for up to 7 days.\u00a0Our\u00a0proof\u2010of\u2010concept studies reveal that electromyography signals with significantly improved sensitivity from rats could be obtained from the injected ICH electrodes compared to skin electrodes and injected nonconductive hydrogel electrodes. The ICHs, offering convenience in use, controllable degradation and excellent signal transmission, will have great potential to develop various bioelectronics devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T22:36:21Z","timestamp":1677278181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Injectable Conductive Hydrogels with Tunable Degradability as Novel Implantable Bioelectrodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Junggeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung\u2010Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School  Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00595H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0335-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0176-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.07.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0140-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b04321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15316-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23802-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S165440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0150-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100772118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5b00429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068069y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Biotechnological Annual Review","author":"Gunatillake P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC00474H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues","author":"Fung Y. 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