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Featured with a large surface\u2010to\u2010volume ratio, facile mass transportation, high stability against aggregation, structurally enhanced adsorption, and catalytical performances, three dimenisional (3D) hierarchical metal oxides have been considered as versatile functional materials for waste\u2010water treatment. Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional water purification protocols for reclamation of water, lately, the use of hierarchical metal oxides has emerged as an appealing platform for the remediation of water pollution owing to their fascinating and tailorable physiochemical properties. The present review highlights various approaches to the tunable synthesis of hierarchical structures along with their surface modification strategies to enhance their efficiencies for the removal of different noxious substances. Besides, their applications for the eradication of organic and inorganic contaminants have been discussed comprehensively with their plausible mechanistic pathways. Finally, overlooked aspects in this field as well as the major roadblocks to the implementation of these metal oxide architectures for large\u2010scale treatment of wastewater are provided here. Moreover, the potential ways to tackle these issues are also presented which may be useful for the transformation of current water treatment technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:02:13Z","timestamp":1679540533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Hierarchical 3D Flower\u2010like Metal Oxides Micro\/Nanostructures: Fabrication, Surface Modification, Their Crucial Role in Environmental Decontamination, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kanika","family":"Solanki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Chemistry Network Center Department of Chemistry University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Chemistry Network Center Department of Chemistry University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhawna","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Chemistry Network Center Department of Chemistry University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Chemistry Network Center Department of Chemistry University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi 110007 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4281-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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