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This raises a great concern about their potential exposure toxicity in biological systems. However, little is known about their adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract system so far. Here, the aim is to investigate the biodistribution, biotransformation, potential gastrointestinal tract toxicity, and effect on the gut microbiota after oral exposure to the CsPbBr<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> perovskite nanoparticles (CPB PNPs). The advanced synchrotron radiation based microscopic X\u2010ray fluorescence scanning and X\u2010ray absorption near\u2010edge spectroscopy demonstrate that high doses of CPB (CPB\u2010H) PNPs can gradually transform into different lead\u2010based compounds, subsequently accumulating in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of stomach, small intestine, and colon reveal that CPB\u2010H PNPs have higher gastrointestinal tract toxicity than Pb(Ac)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, consequently leading to colitis\u2010like symptoms. More importantly, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis discloses that CPB\u2010H PNPs cause more significant alterations in the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota related to inflammation, intestinal barrier, and immune function than Pb(Ac)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The findings may contribute to shedding light on understanding the adverse effects on gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota of Pb\u2010PNPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202301129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T04:46:36Z","timestamp":1681793196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CsPbBr<sub>3<\/sub> Perovskite Nanoparticles causes Colitis\u2010Like Symptom via Promoting Intestinal Barrier Damage and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3391-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linqiang","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. 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