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Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that in the United States alone, roughly 11% of women struggle with infertility and 16% of pregnancies involve some sort of complication. This presents a clear need to develop safe and effective treatment options, though the development of therapeutics for use in women's health and particularly in pregnancy is relatively limited. Physiological and biological changes during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy impact biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy, further complicating the process of administration and delivery of therapeutics. In addition to the complex pharmacodynamics, there is also the challenge of overcoming physiological barriers that impact various routes of local and systemic administration, including the blood\u2013follicle barrier and the placenta. Nanomedicine presents a unique opportunity to target and sustain drug delivery to the reproductive tract and other relevant organs in the mother and fetus, as well as improve the safety profile and minimize side effects. Nanomedicine\u2010based approaches have the potential to improve the management and treatment of infertility, obstetric complications, and fetal conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202303682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:35:55Z","timestamp":1697085355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nanomedicine for Maternal and Fetal Health"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Davell","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University (JHU)  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Better","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University (JHU)  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saed","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fareeha","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical &amp; Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6949-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Ensign","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University (JHU)  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical &amp; Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"},{"name":"Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics Biomedical Engineering, Oncology, and Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 21231 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1133159","volume":"11","author":"Ybot\u2010Gonzalez P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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