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Owing to the presence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), Pg is also an excellent photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) via the in situ generation of reactive oxygen species. This study reports a bacterial nanomedicine (nmPg) fabricated from Pg through lysozyme degradation, ammonium chloride lysis, and nanoextrusion, which has potent PDT and immune activation performances for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment. To further promote the tumoricidal efficacy, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is efficiently encapsulated into nmPg through a simple incubation method. nmPg\/DOX thus prepared exhibits significant synergistic effects on inhibiting the growth and metastasis of OSCC both in vitro and in vivo via photodynamic\u2010immunotherapy and chemotherapy. In summary, this work develops a promising bacterial nanomedicine for enhanced treatment of OSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202304014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T04:22:26Z","timestamp":1693542146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Bacterial Nanomedicine Combines Photodynamic\u2010Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Enhanced Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Enyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin 300070 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhe","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) The Province and Ministry Co\u2010sponsored Collaborative 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