{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:11:52Z","timestamp":1792397512009,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly porous carbon materials with a rationally designed pore structure can be utilized as reservoirs for metal or nonmetal components. The use of small\u2010sized metal or metal compound nanoparticles, completely encapsulated by carbon materials, has attracted significant attention as an effective approach to enhancing sodium ion storage properties. These materials have the ability to mitigate structural collapse caused by volume expansion during the charging process, enable short ion transport length, and prevent polysulfide elution. In this study, a concept of highly porous carbon\u2010coated carbon nanotube (CNT) porous microspheres, which serve as excellent reservoir materials is suggested and a porous microsphere is developed by encapsulating iron sulfide nanocrystals within the highly porous carbon\u2010coated CNTs using a sulfidation process. Furthermore, various sulfidation processes to determine the optimal method for achieving complete encapsulation are investigated by comparing the morphologies of diverse iron sulfide\u2010carbon composites. The fully encapsulated structure, combined with the porous carbon, provides ample space to accommodate the significant volume changes during cycling. As a result, the porous iron sulfide\u2010carbon\u2010CNT composite microspheres exhibited outstanding cycling stability (293\u00a0mA h g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> over 600 cycles at 1 A g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and remarkable rate capability (100\u00a0mA h g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at 5 A g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202305686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T07:08:33Z","timestamp":1695193713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Synthesis of Iron Sulfide Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Highly Porous Carbon\u2010Coated CNT Microsphere as Anode Materials for Sodium\u2010Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yeong Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chungbuk National University  Chungdae\u2010ro 1, Seowon\u2010gu Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University  Anam\u2010dong, Seongbuk\u2010gu Seoul 136\u2013713 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Yeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chungbuk National University  Chungdae\u2010ro 1, Seowon\u2010gu Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge MA 02139 USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pukyong National University  45, Yongso\u2010ro, Nam\u2010Gu Busan 48513 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Sang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Chemistry Chungbuk National University  Chungdae\u2010ro 1, Seowon\u2010gu Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Chan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University  Anam\u2010dong, Seongbuk\u2010gu Seoul 136\u2013713 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1514-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi Dae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chungbuk National University  Chungdae\u2010ro 1, Seowon\u2010gu Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201602592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA05678J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg3626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26631-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA08328E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA03877K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"11","author":"Shiraz M. H. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.06.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201308354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201603852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.04.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA07682K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl403631h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202003391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2020.100410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2021.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c10874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-016-1346-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6b00660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201504579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC04749J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-021-04220-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c05658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-019-0260-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR06886G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201600468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c11046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.9b01850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-021-00741-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00539-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.140140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0041605jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201801765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA01168K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905289"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202305686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T04:15:16Z","timestamp":1733372116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202305686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202305686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202305686","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2305686"}}