{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:13:08Z","timestamp":1792033988226,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFF1000700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF1000700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFA0802800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0802800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB1105400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1105400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62374083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22173046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22173046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011400","name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5431ZZXM2205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5431ZZXM2205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interstitial fluid (ISF) is an attractive alternative to regular blood sampling for health checks and disease diagnosis. Porous microneedles (MNs) are well suited for collecting ISF in a minimally invasive manner. However, traditional methods of molding MNs from microfabricated templates involve prohibitive fabrication costs and fixed designs. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a facile and economical additive manufacturing approach to create porous MNs. Compared to traditional layerwise build sequences, direct ink drawing with nanocomposite inks can define sharp MNs with tailored shapes and achieve vastly improved fabrication efficiency. The key to this fabrication strategy is the yield\u2010stress fluid ink that is easily formulated by dispersing silica nanoparticles into the cellulose acetate polymer solution. As\u2010printed MNs are solidified into interconnected porous microstructure inside a coagulation bath of deionized water. The resulting MNs exhibit high mechanical strength and high porosity. This approach also allows porous MNs to be easily integrated on various substrates. In particular, MNs on filter paper substrates are highly flexible to rapidly collect ISF on non\u2010flat skin sites. The extracted ISF is used for quantitative analysis of biomarkers, including glucose, = calcium ions, and calcium ions. Overall, the developments allow facile fabrication of porous MNs for transdermal diagnosis and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202305838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T08:05:46Z","timestamp":1705997146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Porous Microneedles Through Direct Ink Drawing with Nanocomposite Inks for Transdermal Collection of Interstitial Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yushuang","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing 210093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing 210093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghai","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University  Nanjing 210093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7339-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0305-297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-022-00439-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201201109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00558-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0045-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00730B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0040-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00998-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","volume":"601","author":"Valiente\u2010Gabioud A. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200600938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.032862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402414m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007312152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716772115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201803186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201905740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0337-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05912-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00790H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-019-0077-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB02837D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB00873K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71381-6_134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c01123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201701089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15061389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202106392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.102012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-021-00298-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202002255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b01127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00887-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-020-00206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202300259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-1958-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume":"2021","author":"Lu Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2016.1185952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0927-7757(95)03305-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20210609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200600434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b02102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-019-0088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-021-00778-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61032-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60436e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride","author":"Young V.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf2593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.11.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.2.E401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2023.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/23\/19\/194106"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202305838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T01:43:15Z","timestamp":1717638195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202305838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202305838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202305838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2305838"}}