{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:11:12Z","timestamp":1791267072636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52103152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52103152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M690157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M690157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022T150668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022T150668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007834","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2121J206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2121J206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydrophobic ionogel has attracted much attention in underwater sensing as the artificial electronic skins and wearable sensors. However, when the low conductive ionogel\u2010based sensor works in the marine environment, the salty seawater weakens its sensing performance, which is difficult to recognize. Herein, a salt\u2010adaptively conductive ionogel with high submarine strain sensitivity is reported. Based on the preliminary improvement via the proton conduction mechanism, the conductivity of the ionogel further increases with the surrounding salinity rising up since the salt\u2010induced dissociation phenomenon, which is described as the environmental salt\u2010adaptive feature. In seawater, the conductivity of the ionogel is as high as 2.90 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> S m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Significantly, with its long\u2010term underwater stability and adhesion, the resultant ionogel\u2010based sensor features prominent strain sensing performance (gauge factor: 1.12) while combining with various soft actuators in the marine environment. The ionogel\u2010based sensor is capable of monitoring human breath frequency, human actions, and the locomotion of soft actuators, demonstrating its great potential in diving detection and intelligent preceptive soft robotics for marine environmental protection and exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202305848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T03:14:35Z","timestamp":1693970075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Salt\u2010Adaptively Conductive Ionogel Sensor for Marine Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huijing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo 315201 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo 315201 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3403-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo 315201 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo 315201 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ningbo First Hospital  Ningbo 315010 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar3449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.019.20190048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202100480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB02692D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2020.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211758"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202201396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA02422A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202107404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA08093H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-022-00437-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b07874"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume":"2020","author":"Shi L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c01137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0206-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11364-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202200957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202008479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MH00998B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3031406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC05242J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202305705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301117"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202305848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T08:37:04Z","timestamp":1705999024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202305848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202305848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202305848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2305848"}}