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In addition to the great success of MNs based transdermal drug delivery, especially for skin diseases, increasing studies have indicated the expansion of MNs to diverse nontransdermal applications, including the delivery of therapeutics for hair loss, ocular diseases, and oral mucosal. Here, the current treatment of hair loss, eye diseases, and oral disease is discussed and an overview of recent advances in the application of MNs is provided for these three noncutaneous localized organ diseases. Particular emphasis is laid on the future trend of MNs technology development and future challenges of expanding the generalizability of MNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:13:05Z","timestamp":1696313585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Advances in the Application of Microneedles in the Treatment of Local Organ Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jinze","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano\u2010Biosensing Technology School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University  Guangdong 518060 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujiao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University  Guangdong 518060 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano\u2010Biosensing Technology School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University  Guangdong 518060 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Oxford  Oxford OX1 3QT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6907-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano\u2010Biosensing Technology School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University  Guangdong 518060 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c03827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1335-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"483","volume":"33","author":"Bao L. 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