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To better understand this property, an approach named Optical Tracking\u2010based Magnetic Sensor (OTMS) has been developed. This multi\u2010target tracking system is designed to measure the magnetic moment of individual cells. The OTMS generates a tunable magnetic field and induces movement in magnetic cells that are subsequently analyzed through a learning\u2010based tracking\u2010by\u2010detection system. The magnetic moment of numerous cells can be calculated simultaneously, thereby providing a quantitative tool to assess cellular magnetic properties within populations. Upon deploying the OTMS, a stable population of magnetic cells in human peripheral monocytes is discovered. Further application in the analysis of clinical blood samples reveals an intriguing pattern: the proportion of magnetic monocytes differs significantly between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy volunteers. This variation is positively correlated with disease activity, a trend not observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study, therefore, presents a new frontier in the investigation of the magnetic characteristics of naturally occurring magnetic cells, opening the door to potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications that leverage cellular magnetism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202307306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T04:23:05Z","timestamp":1707279785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Magnetic Characterization of Human Intrinsically Magnetic Monocytes Through a Novel Optical Tracking\u2010Based Magnetic Sensor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biomedical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biomedical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Zhongda Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biomedical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biomedical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing 210093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)75069-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5641271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-8869-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2012.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/biom.29507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0290(19990905)64:5<519::AID-BIT2>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(98)00557-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Y.Li X.Zhang D.Chen presented atProc. of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Salt Lake City Utah USA June2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxz036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2019.00116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Github \u201cYOLOv5 in PyTorch \u201d can be found under https:\/\/github.com\/ultralytics\/yolov5 (accessed: August 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"M.Brostr\u00f6m \u201cReal\u2010Time Multi\u2010Object Tracker using YOLOv5 and DeepSort \u201d can be found under https:\/\/github.com\/mikel\u2010brostrom\/Yolov5_DeepSort_Pytorch (accessed: August 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Z.Zivkovic presented atProceedings of the 17th Int. 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