{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:08:09Z","timestamp":1790341689422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22274022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22274022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21874022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21874022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21675029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21675029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this work, sub\u2010nanometer Co clusters anchored on porous nitrogen\u2010doped carbon (C\u2500N\u2500Co NCs) are successfully prepared by high\u2010temperature annealing and pre\u2010fabricated template strategies for non\u2010invasive sensing of clozapine (CLZ) as an efficient substrate adsorption and electrocatalyst. The introduction of Co sub\u2010nanoclusters (Co NCs) provides enhanced electrochemical performance and better substrate adsorption potential compared to porous and nitrogen\u2010doped carbon structures. Combined with ab initio calculations, it is found that the favorable CLZ catalytic performance with C\u2500N\u2500Co NCs is mainly attributed to possessing a more stable CLZ adsorption structure and lower conversion barriers of CLZ to oxidized state CLZ. An electrochemical sensor for CLZ detection is conceptualized with a wide operating range and high sensitivity, with monitoring capabilities validated in a variety of body fluid environments. Based on the developed CLZ sensing system, the CLZ correlation between blood and saliva and the accuracy of the sensor are investigated by the gold standard method and the rat model of drug administration, paving the way for non\u2010invasive drug monitoring. This work provides new insights into the development of efficient electrocatalysts to enable drug therapy and administration monitoring in personalized healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T01:23:04Z","timestamp":1701134584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Domain\u2010Limited Sub\u2010Nanometer Co Nanoclusters in Defective Nitrogen Doped Carbon Structures for Non\u2010Invasive Drug Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE &amp; Fujian Province) Department of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University  Nanchang 330022 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE &amp; Fujian Province) Department of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE &amp; Fujian Province) Department of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE &amp; Fujian Province) Department of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou 350025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE &amp; Fujian Province) Department of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou 350025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201707442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201403783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn400121z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c06520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.20236117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c00774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c00591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c02340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00191H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c06863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c05914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202305673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2022.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh1320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202205632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.1c00797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202209726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c04975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202007326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-023-01027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11743-016-1854-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b09519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202000882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29705-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202204942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3760-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00970A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.115028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg0218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115450"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202309264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:41:24Z","timestamp":1713426084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202309264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202309264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202309264","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2309264"}}