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PEMs are high\u2010cost, petroleum\u2010derived polymers that often possess limited durability, variable electrochemical performance, and are linked to discharge of perfluorinated compounds. Alternative PEMs that utilize biobased materials, including lignin and sulfonated lignin (SL), low\u2010cost byproducts of the wood pulping process, have struggled to balance electrochemical performance with dimensional stability. Herein, SL nanoparticles are demonstrated for use as a nature\u2010derived, ion\u2010conducting PEM material. SL nanoparticles (NanoSLs) can be synthesized for increased surface area, uniformity, and miscibility compared with macrosized lignin, improving proton conductivity. After addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) as a structural backbone, membranes with the highest NanoSL concentration demonstrated an ion exchange capacity of 1.26 meq\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , above that of the commercial PEM Nafion 112 (0.98 meq\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), along with a conductivity of 80.4 mS\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in situ, above that of many biocomposite PEMs, and a coulombic efficiency (CE), energy efficiency (EE) and voltage efficiency (VE) of 91%, 68% and 78%, respectively at 20\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . These nanocomposite PEMs demonstrate the potential for valorization of forest biomass waste streams for high value clean energy applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:35:23Z","timestamp":1711154123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Proton Exchange Membranes from Sulfonated Lignin Nanocomposites for Redox Flow Battery Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Brito","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Advanced Materials Group The University of British Columbia  2360 E Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3521-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip Spencer","family":"McMichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Advanced Materials Group The University of British Columbia  2360 E Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Whitbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia  2360 E Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Jalaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Advanced Materials Group The University of British Columbia  2360 E Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elod","family":"Gyenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia  2360 E Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4103-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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