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Thus, there is a growing need for developing sensors enabling real\u2010time monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition. The activity and inhibition of cholinesterase (CHE) enzymes in blood plasma are fluorometrically monitored using near\u2010infrared (NIR) fluorescent single\u2010walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as probes, strategically functionalized with myristoylcholine (MC)\u2013 the substrate of CHE. A significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of MC\u2010suspended SWCNTs upon interaction with CHE is observed, attributed to the hydrolysis of the MC corona phase of the SWCNTs by CHE. Complementary measurements for quantifying choline, the product of MC hydrolysis, reveal a correlation between the fluorescence intensity decrease and the amount of released choline, rendering the SWCNTs optical sensors with real\u2010time feedback in the NIR biologically transparent spectral range. Moreover, when synthetic and naturally abundant inhibitors inhibit the CHE enzymes present in blood plasma, no significant modulations of the MC\u2010SWCNT fluorescence are observed, allowing effective detection of CHE inhibition. The rationally designed SWCNT sensors platform for monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition in clinically relevant samples is envisioned to not only advance the field of clinical diagnostics but also deepen further understanding of enzyme\u2010related processes in complex biological fluids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T06:26:42Z","timestamp":1707978402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rationally Designed Functionalization of Single\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Real\u2010Time Monitoring of Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition in Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srestha","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of 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