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Fluorogens with aggregation\u2010induced emission (AIEgens) are potential agents for FGS on the benefit of the bright fluorescence in physiological conditions. Herein, the fluorescence brightness of AIEgen is further improved by preparing the nanoparticle using a polystyrene\u2010based matrix and utilizing it for tumor FGS with a high signal\u2010to\u2010background ratio. After encapsulating AIEgen into polystyrene\u2010poly (ethylene glycol) (PS\u2010PEG), the fluorescence intensity of the prepared AIE@PS\u2010PEG nanoparticles is multiple times that of nanoparticles in 1, 2\u2010distearoyl\u2010sn\u2010glycero\u20103\u2010phosphoethanolamine\u2010poly (ethylene glycol) (DSPE\u2010PEG), a commonly used polymer matrix for nanoparticle preparation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that higher free energy is required for the outer rings of AIEgen to rotate in polystyrene than in the DSPE, indicating that the benzene rings in polystyrene can restrict the intramolecular motions of AIEgen better than the alkyl chain in DSPE\u2010PEG. Fluorescence correlation microscopy detections suggest that the triplet excited state of AIEgens is less in PS\u2010PEG than in DSPE\u2010PEG. The restricted intramolecular motions and suppressed triplet excited state result in ultrabright AIE@PS\u2010PEG nanoparticles, which are more conducive to illuminating tumor tissues in the intestine for FGS. The illumination of metastatic tumors in lungs by AIE@PS\u2010PEG nanoparticles is also tried.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T01:44:50Z","timestamp":1702863890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Polystyrene\u2010Based Matrix to Enhance the Fluorescence of Aggregation\u2010Induced Emission Luminogen for Fluorescence\u2010Guided Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Qiankun","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Center School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 510515 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Research Center School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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