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Soft and hard protein coronas of <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010labeled BSA or <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I\u2010labeled serum are formed on PLGA NPs functionalized with either polyehtylenimine (PEI) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The exchangeability of hard and soft corona is assessed in vitro by gamma counting exposing PLGA NPs with corona to non\u2010labeled BSA, serum, or simulated body fluid. PEI PLGA NPs form larger and more stable coronas than BSA PLGA NPs. Soft coronas are more exchangeable than hard ones.\u00a0The in vivo fate of PEI PLGA NPs coated with preformed <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010labeled BSA hard and soft coronas is assessed by positron emission tomography (PET)\u00a0following intravenous administration. While the soft corona shows a biodistribution similar to free <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F BSA with high activity in blood and kidney, the hard corona follows patterns characteristic of nanoparticles, accumulating in the lungs, liver, and spleen. These results show that in vivo fates of soft and hard corona are different, and that soft corona is more easily exchanged with proteins from the body, while hard corona is largely retained on the nanoparticle surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202309616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T21:16:01Z","timestamp":1712092561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The In Vivo Biological Fate of Protein Corona: A Comparative PET Study of the Fate of Soft and Hard Protein Corona in Healthy Animal Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Angel Martinez","family":"Villacorta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"},{"name":"Soft Matter Nanotechnology Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Mielcarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioMedical Centre Adam Mickiewicz University  Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3 Poznan 61\u2013614 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda G\u00f3mez","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"},{"name":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Dpto Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica II\/ Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda  Barrio Sarriena s\/n, Leioa Bizkaia 48940 Basque"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Henschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioMedical Centre Adam Mickiewicz University  Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3 Poznan 61\u2013614 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"Coy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioMedical Centre Adam Mickiewicz University  Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3 Poznan 61\u2013614 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Gomez\u2010Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Llop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Laboratory Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7174-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio E.","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Matter Nanotechnology Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Paseo de Miramon 194 Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n 20014 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","volume-title":"Nano\u2010Enabled Medical Applications","author":"Monopoli M. 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