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However, the complex multiple\u2010administration plan and potential side effects limit its clinical application. A transformable specific\u2010responsive peptide (<jats:bold>TSRP<\/jats:bold>) is utilized to one\u2010step achieve synergistic therapy integrating anti\u2010tumor, anti\u2010angiogenesis and immune response. The <jats:bold>TSRP<\/jats:bold> is composed of: i) Recognition unit could specifically target and inhibit the biological function of FGFR\u20101; ii) Transformable unit could self\u2010assembly and trigger nanofibers formation; iii) Reactive unit could specifically cleaved by MMP\u20102\/9 in tumor micro\u2010environment; iv) Immune unit, stimulate the release of immune cells when LTX\u2010315 (Immune\u2010associated oncolytic peptide) exposed. Once its binding to FGFR\u20101, the <jats:bold>TSRP<\/jats:bold> could cleaved by MMP\u20102\/9 to form the nanofibers on the cell membrane, with a retention time of up to 12 h. Through suppressing the phosphorylation levels of ERK 1\/2 and PI3K\/AKT signaling pathways downstream of FGFR\u20101, the <jats:bold>TSRP<\/jats:bold> significant inhibit the growth of tumor cells and the formation of angioginesis. Furthermore, LTX\u2010315 is exposed after <jats:bold>TSRP<\/jats:bold> cleavage, resulting in Calreticulin activation and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells infiltration. All above processes together contribute to the increasing survival rate of tumor\u2010bearing mice by nearly 4\u2010folds. This work presented a unique design for the biological application of one\u2010step synergistic therapy of bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1714021460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Transformable Specific\u2010Responsive Peptide for One\u2010Step Synergistic Therapy of Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zi\u2010Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics Harbin Medical University  Harbin 150001 China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology  Harbin 150001 China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital  Harbin 150081 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