{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:04:05Z","timestamp":1782990245461,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly efficient water splitting electrocatalyst for producing hydrogen as a renewable energy source offers potential to achieve net\u2010zero. However, it has significant challenges in using transition metal electrocatalysts as alternatives to noble metals due to their low efficiency and durability, furthermore, the reliance on electricity generation for electrocatalysts from fossil fuels leads to unavoidable carbon emissions. Here, a highly efficient self\u2010powered water splitting system integrated is designed with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and Ni<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>FeN@Fe<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> catalyst with improved catalytic activity and durability. First, the durability of the Ni<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>FeN catalyst is improved by forming N, P carbon shell using melamine, polyetherimide, and phytic acid. The catalyst activity is improved by generating Fe<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> in the carbon shell through the Kirkendall effect. The synthesized Ni<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>FeN@Fe<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> catalyst exhibited excellent bifunctional catalytic activity (\u03b7<jats:sub>OER<\/jats:sub> = 261.8 mV and \u03b7<jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub> = 151.8 mV) and remarkable stability (91.7% in OER and 90.5% in HER) in 1 <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> KOH. Furthermore, to achieve ecofriendly electricity generation, a rotation\u2010mode TENG that sustainably generate high\u2010performance is realized using butylated melamine formaldehyde. As a result, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is successfully generated using the integrated system composed of the designed TENG and catalyst. The finding provides a promising approach for energy generation to achieve net\u2010zero.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202400374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1712127076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Self\u2010Powered Water Splitting of Ni<sub>3<\/sub>FeN@Fe<sub>24<\/sub>N<sub>10<\/sub> Bifunctional Catalyst Improved Catalytic Activity and Durability by Forming Fe<sub>24<\/sub>N<sub>10<\/sub> on Catalyst Surface via the Kirkendall Effect"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dong In","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghyeon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Kyun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Materials Devices and Equipment Engineering Soonchunhyang University  Chungnam 31538 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Research Center Soonchunhyang University  Chungnam 31538 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ui Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u2010Yong","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeseul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Mook","family":"Weon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)  Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Center for Human\u2010oriented 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