{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:57:22Z","timestamp":1789588642758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PA) is a major healthcare concern due to its tolerance to antibiotics when enclosed in biofilms. Tobramycin (Tob), an effective cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic against planktonic PA, loses potency within PA biofilms due to hindered diffusion caused by interactions with anionic biofilm components. Loading Tob into nano\u2010carriers can enhance its biofilm efficacy by shielding its charge. Polyion complex vesicles (PIC\u2010somes) are promising nano\u2010carriers for charged drugs, allowing higher drug loadings than liposomes and polymersomes. In this study, a new class of nano\u2010sized PIC\u2010somes, formed by Tob\u2010diblock copolymer complexation is presented. This approach replaces conventional linear PEG with brush\u2010like poly[ethylene glycol (methyl ether methacrylate)] (PEGMA) in the shell\u2010forming block, distinguishing it from past methods. Tob paired with a block copolymer containing hydrophilic PEGMA induces micelle formation (PIC\u2010micelles), while incorporating hydrophobic pyridyldisulfide ethyl methacrylate (PDSMA) monomer into PEGMA chains reduces shell hydrophilicity, leads to the formation of vesicles (PIC\u2010somes). PDSMA unit incorporation enables unprecedented dynamic disulfide bond\u2010based shell cross\u2010linking, significantly enhancing stability under saline conditions. Neither PIC\u2010somes nor PIC\u2010micelles show any relevant cytotoxicity on A549, Calu\u20103, and dTHP\u20101 cells. Tob's antimicrobial efficacy against planktonic PA remains unaffected after encapsulation into PIC\u2010somes and PIC\u2010micelles, but its potency within PA biofilms significantly increases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202401926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T09:19:01Z","timestamp":1717406341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A New Class of Polyion Complex Vesicles (PIC\u2010somes) to Improve Antimicrobial Activity of Tobramycin in\n                    <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turgay","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aghiad","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Saarland University  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INM \u2013 Leibniz Institute for New Materials  Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Latta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schneider\u2010Daum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gallei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Chemistry Saarland University  Campus C4 2 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"Saarene \u2013 Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability  Campus C4 2 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus\u2010Michael","family":"Lehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIPS \u2013 Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Saarland University  66123 Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00317-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202100531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.809-813.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"67","volume":"17","author":"VandenBussche H. 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