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Here, a simple colorimetric sensor array is developed for the identification of cariogenic bacteria using single\u2010atom nanozymes (SANs) assisted by machine learning. Interestingly, cariogenic bacteria can increase oxidase\u2010like activity of iron (Fe)\u2500nitrogen (N)\u2500carbon (C) SANs by accelerating electron transfer, and inversely reduce the activity of Fe\u2500N\u2500C further reconstruction with urea. Through machine\u2010learning\u2010assisted sensor array, colorimetric responses are developed as \u201cfingerprints\u201d of cariogenic bacteria. Multiple cariogenic bacteria can be well distinguished by linear discriminant analysis and bacteria at different genera can also be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, colorimetric sensor array has demonstrated excellent performance for the identification of mixed cariogenic bacteria in artificial saliva samples. In view of convenience, precise, and high\u2010throughput discrimination, the developed colorimetric sensor array based on SANs assisted by machine learning, has great potential for the identification of oral cariogenic bacteria so as to serve for oral disease prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202403878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:08:40Z","timestamp":1721984920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Identification of Oral Cariogenic Bacteria through Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on Single\u2010Atom Nanozymes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences &amp;Institute for Sustainable Energy Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University  Shanghai 200444 P. R. 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