{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:59:48Z","timestamp":1785891588639,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102023R1A2C1006145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102023R1A2C1006145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022R1C1C2006901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022R1C1C2006901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers have developed in vitro small intestine models of biomimicking microvilli, such as gut\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip devices. However, fabrication methods developed to date for 2D and 3D in vitro gut still have unsolved limitations. In this study, an innovative fabrication method of a 3D in vitro gut model is introduced for effective drug screening. The villus is formed on a patterned carbon nanofiber (CNF) bundle as a flexible and biocompatible scaffold. Mechanical properties of the fabricated villi structure are investigates. A microfluidic system is applied to induce the movement of CNFs villi. F\u2010actin and Occludin staining of Caco\u20102 cells on a 2D flat\u2010chip as a control and a 3D gut\u2010chip with or without fluidic stress is observed. A permeability test of FD20 is performed. The proposed 3D gut\u2010chip with fluidic stress achieve the highest value of P<jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>. Mechano\u2010active stimuli caused by distinct structural and movement effects of CNFs villi as well as stiffness of the suggested CNFs villi not only can help accelerate cell differentiation but also can improve permeability. The proposed 3D gut\u2010chip system further strengthens the potential of the platform to increase the accuracy of various drug tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:44:14Z","timestamp":1725014654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Array of Carbon Nanofiber Bundle_Based 3D In Vitro Intestinal Microvilli for Mimicking Functional and Physical Activities of the Small Intestine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1783-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeongseok","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju\u2010si Jeollabuk\u2010do 54896 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's 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