{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:35:14Z","timestamp":1784558114156,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pentagonal two\u2010dimensional (2D) materials are notable for unique properties derived from their Cairo pentagonal tiling topology. This study explores the thermoelectric potential of exfoliated penta\u2010palladium\u2010phosphorus\u2010sulfur (PdPS) atomic layers, an air\u2010stable 2D semiconductor with a puckered pentagonal low\u2010symmetry structure, grown via chemical vapor transport (CVT). Thickness\u2010dependent in\u2010plane electrical conductivity (\u03c3) and thermoelectric power factor (\n                    <jats:italic>PF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of PdPS are investigated from 20\u2013380 K, showing an increase in \u03c3 with thickness (11, 13, and 88\u2010layer). Applying back\u2010gate voltage (V\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) modulates the Fermi energy (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and as V\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    decreases, the Seebeck coefficient (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) rises, achieving\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    of \u2212700\u00a0\u00b5V\u00a0K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 11\u2010layer PdPS at \u221210\u00a0V, significantly higher than the \u2212400 \u00b5V\u00a0K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 88\u2010layer PdPS. The\n                    <jats:italic>PF<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased with decreasing thickness, peaking at \u224850\u00a0\u00b5W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 11\u2010layer PdPS, about twice than that of 88\u2010layer PdPS. The high electron mobility (\u00b5\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in PdPS is confined to a narrow temperature range, peaking at 300 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0Vs\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 100 K, marking the transition temperature from ionized impurity scattering to acoustic phonon scattering mechanism, consistent across all layer counts. This work highlights the significant impact of quantum confinement in ultrathin bodies in enhancing thermoelectric performance across a wide temperature range.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202405645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T05:55:21Z","timestamp":1730786121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["2D\u2010Penta\u2010PdPS: Gate\u2010Tunable and Thickness\u2010Dependent Thermoelectric Transport"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weng Hou","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Micro\u2010 and Nano\u2010Electronics (CMNE) School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qundong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS\u2010International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES Research Alliance) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"},{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2411-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS\u2010International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES Research Alliance) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4999-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS\u2010International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES Research Alliance) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"},{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8460-448X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Boutchich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS\u2010International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES Research Alliance) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay CentraleSup\u00e9lec CNRS Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Electrique et Electronique de  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette Paris 91192 France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 CNRS Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Electrique et Electronique de Paris  Paris 75252 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3776-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beng Kang","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Micro\u2010 and Nano\u2010Electronics (CMNE) School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"},{"name":"IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS\u2010International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES Research Alliance) Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 637553 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/953\/1\/012090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz9426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201605884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.47.12727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The Physics and Engineering of Compact Quantum Dot\u2010Based Lasers for Biophotonics","author":"Rafailov E. 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