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The thermopower of the\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010TE system can be independently tuned to a value of \u22123.13 mVK\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    by adjusting the ion diffusivity via MXene (Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010TE system demonstrates a rapid response time of less than 100 s, outperforming any other polyelectrolyte\u2010based system. Crucially, the\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010TE system achieves continuous current output when equipped with copper electrodes, facilitated by the redox reaction involving Cu\/Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and maintains stable long\u2010term outputs across a range of resistances from 1 k\u03a9 to 1 M\u03a9. A three\u2010serial\u2010connected\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010TE module demonstrates an output voltage of 26 mV with 6 \u00b0C temperature difference, confirming the feasibility of creating an array of\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010TE devices for substantial energy output. Beyond energy harvesting, the MXene\/PVA hydrogel serves as multifunctional strain\/temperature sensors, capable of detecting mechanical strains via the piezoresistive effect and locating finger contact points via the ionic thermoelectric effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T05:17:56Z","timestamp":1732079876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A Multifunctional MXene\/PVA Hydrogel as a Continuous Ionic Thermoelectric Generator and a Strain\/Temperature Sensor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9829-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dezhuang","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baosong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"},{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center for Graphene and 2D Materials (RIC\u20102D) Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurugan Thirumal","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"},{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center for Graphene and 2D Materials (RIC\u20102D) Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moh'd","family":"Rezeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"},{"name":"System on Chip Center Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Cantwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4974-365X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianxi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"},{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center for Graphene and 2D Materials (RIC\u20102D) Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 127788 UAE"},{"name":"Research and Innovation on CO<sub>2<\/sub> and H<sub>2<\/sub> Center (RICH) Khalifa University of Science and Technology  P.O. 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