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Due to the presence of a large number of tumor\u2010associated immune cells with the tumor promoting phenotype in MPE and pleural tumors, current clinical therapy offers limited effectiveness. Here, a mild magnetothermal regulation strategy is proposed based on a magnetic nanocatlytic nanoplatform ZCMF@PEG\u2010AF (ZCMF\u2010AF)\u00a0constructed by surface\u2010modifying anti\u2010F4\/80 antibody (AF) on ZnCoFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>@ZnMnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> magnetic nanoparticles (ZCMF) to target and polarize tumor\u2010associated macrophages. Under alternating magnetic field\u2010induced hyperthermia (41\u201342\u00a0\u00b0C), ZCMF\u2010AF exhibits in situ nanocatalytic production of hydroxyl radicals via released iron ions under acidic cellular environment, which induces repolarization from the immunosuppressed M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype. More importantly, the tumor cell damage induced by M1 macrophages and magnetic hyperthermia promote the maturation of dendritic cells, which subsequently awakens cytotoxic T lymphocytes to combat tumor cells. The integrated innate and adaptive immunity activations based on ZCMF\u2010AF nano\u2010immunomedicine through intrapleural administration elicit substantially regulated immune microenvironment of MPE and pleural tumors. Moreover, the interpleural magnetic nanoparticle\u2010based immunotherapy effectively reduced the MPE volume and inhibited tumor growth in the pleural cavity, significantly prolonging the survival of the MPE\u2010bearing mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T06:52:11Z","timestamp":1733727131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mild Magnetothermal Immunotherapy for Malignant Pleural Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)  Shanghai 200050 P. R. 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