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Their unique features, such as high stability, antigens protection, prolonged retention, and targeted delivery to lymph nodes, immune cells, and tumors, set them apart as promising candidates in the field of immunotherapy. Polymers, with their superior degradability, capacity to mimic pathogen characteristics, and surface functionality that facilitates modifications, serve as ideal carriers for vaccine components. Polymer\u2010based self\u2010adjuvanted nanovaccines have the remarkable ability to augment immune responses. The inherent adjuvant\u2010like properties of polymers themselves offer a pathway toward more efficient exploitation of nanomaterials and the optimization of nanovaccines. This review article aims to summarize the categorization of polymers and elucidate their mechanisms of action as adjuvants. 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