{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:47:38Z","timestamp":1788504458079,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020CX02002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CX02002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BITBLR2020013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BITBLR2020013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1227041254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1227041254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High\u2010sensitivity infrared photodetectors have attracted attention due to their broad applications. Photomultiplication is an ideal choice for high\u2010sensitivity photodetectors since it can generate large photogenerated current under incident faint illumination, making them more user\u2010friendly and cost\u2010effective without any extra amplifier circuits. In this work, 2 wt.% acetic acid in methanol is optimized to treat the electron\u2010accumulated ZnO layer in photodetector ITO\/ZnO\/PbS\/Ag by increasing its interfacial oxygen vacancies, thus the interfacial band bends at the ZnO\/PbS interface due to the accumulated charges under illumination. In this way, a high\u2010gain photomultiplication\u2010type photodetector ITO\/ZnO\/PbS\/Ag, in which PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) act as the active layer, is presented. As a result, a high responsivity of 524 A\/W with a high external quantum efficiency of 66516% is achieved from the photodetector ITO\/ZnO\/PbS\/Ag under 0.2 \u00b5W\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0980\u00a0nm illumination at \u20101\u00a0V. Further, a low turn\u2010on voltage of 2\u00a0V is obtained from the upconverters ITO\/ZnO\/PbS(240\u00a0nm)\/TAPC(50\u00a0nm)\/CBP:Ir(ppy)\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (60\u00a0nm)\/BCP(20\u00a0nm)\/LiF(1nm)\/Al under 1.637\u00a0mW\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0980\u00a0nm illumination, exhibiting a photon\u2010to\u2010photon conversion efficiency of 11.08%. In addition, upconversion imaging through a single\u2010pixel device and a 16 \u00d7 16 display array is demonstrated, implying its potential scalable applications. Therefore, it provides a promising and applicable pathway for high\u2010performance upconverters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T03:32:18Z","timestamp":1738899138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["ZnO\u2010Based Photomultiplication\u2010Type Infrared Photodetectors for Ultrasensitive Upconverters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5038-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingdong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 100081 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingsuo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University  Nanning 530004 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Institute of Physics  Kunming 650223 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.9b00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202201527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201805580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2022.100829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz8541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201805580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202313751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202303216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202212149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00694-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b05418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-0388-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c01046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-022-2241-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CY02166C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.172864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37601-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.12.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4960357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2022.140757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201705628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE02216K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn9646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2021.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oes.2024.230029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.170867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3394259"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202411433","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202411433","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202411433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T13:47:07Z","timestamp":1779025627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202411433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202411433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202411433","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2411433"}}