{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:22:16Z","timestamp":1792624936316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3804600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3804600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32371453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012462","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n )\u00a0as common Gram\u2010positive pathogenic bacteria, causes local and systemic infections, including sepsis and bacteremia. In particular, the high prevalence of drug\u2010resistant\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n further complicates the post\u2010infection treatment. Highly effective\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n vaccines are urgently desired. Herein, a novel\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n vaccine (MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n @FS) is developed via biomineralizing manganese dioxide (MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) on formaldehyde\u2010fixed\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (FS). In such vaccine, with FS to induce bacteria\u2010specific immune responses, MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n via releasing Mn\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n can activate the cyclic GMP\u2010AMP synthase\u2010stimulator of interferon gene (cGAS\u2010STING) pathway and innate immunity, which would be rather helpful to enhance immune responses against bacterial infections. It is found that bone marrow\u2010derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n @FS show higher FS and manganese uptake, and enhanced cytokine secretions. In mice, after being immunized with MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n @FS, the level of\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010specific antibody is significantly improved compared with FS and simple mixture of FS and MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (FS+MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ). Furthermore, MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n @FS immunized mice can clear infected bacteria faster and showing higher survival rate in lethal models, outperforming FS and FS+MnO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n immunizations. In addition, the vaccine effectively controls abscess development in a hospital\u2010acquired\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n infection model. This study thus presents a new strategy for the construction of highly potent yet safe bacterial vaccines.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202412279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T22:06:01Z","timestamp":1743804361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mineralized Bacteria as a Potent Vaccine Against\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon\u2010Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon\u2010Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InnoBM Pharmaceuticals Co, Itd. 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