{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:05:16Z","timestamp":1793423116305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1202700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22193060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22193060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42192573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22206165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22206165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024C03228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C03228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lattice sulfur\u2010impregnated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>) has been recognized as a promising groundwater remediation agent. However, little information is available on its reactivity with ubiquitous extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) in anaerobic groundwater, and how S content and speciation affect their interactions. Here, the efficient anaerobic degradation of eARGs by S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> (6 log within 5\u00a0min), resulting in completely inhibited transformation is showed. The removal rate of eARGs by S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> (0.26\u00a0mg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) is correlated well with the S\u2010induced hydrophobicity and electron transfer ability of materials, and this reactivity improvement (up to 22\u2010fold) compared to nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> largely depended on the S content and speciation. Multiple measurements are applied to verify the degradation of eARGs and their interactions with materials, where Fe\u2212O\u2212P coordination, hydrophobic interaction, and electron transfer play critical roles. The application potential of S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> is strongly supported by their long\u2010term reactivity and stability in real groundwater and universal reactivity with multiple eARGs. These findings elucidate the mechanistic role of lattice S in the degradation of eARGs by S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>, unveil binding sites and interactions between eARGs and S\u2010nFe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>, and will advance understanding toward better design of S\u2010nFe\u00b0 for eARGs\u2010contaminated groundwater remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202500203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T08:42:51Z","timestamp":1741855371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impregnating Lattice Sulfur into Iron Crystal Allows Anaerobic Degradation of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiman","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daohui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29283-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/466308a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es061553y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c00284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b00511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201906910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aesr.202300055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP00588J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1812","volume":"33","author":"Gu K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01409-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00175-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c02047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.1c00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja902675g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3000219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200900656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EN01447G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0522985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c00745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.7.2989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.3c00244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2010.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","author":"Schmid F.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b09981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2019006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202200498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9001069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9085359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201202335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b03216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/461358a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c04466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201500540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3an36493c"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202500203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:22:13Z","timestamp":1745490133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202500203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202500203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202500203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2500203"}}