{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1790391016746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020A1515011461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515011461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kidney stones, which have high prevalence and recurrence rates, often cause severe oxidative damage and inflammation. The ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles is crucial for their enrichment in the kidneys to exert biological activity. However, integrating crystallization inhibition and therapeutic functions into a single ultrasmall nanoparticle is challenging. A novel ultrasmall iron (Fe)\u2013gallic acid (Ga) metal\u2013phenolic networks (Fe\u2013Ga MPNs) is developed for treating calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephropathies. These MPNs can specifically adsorb on the high\u2010energy () crystal face to inhibit the growth of CaOx monohydrate (COM), promoting the phase transition from highly toxic COM to low\u2010risk CaOx dihydrate. Fe\u2013Ga MPNs have broad\u2010spectrum free radical scavenging abilities, reducing oxidative damage and inhibiting cell apoptosis. They exhibit sensitivity toward kidney damage, accumulating in injured renal tissue, reducing tubule injury and inflammation, improving tubule function, and inhibiting crystal formation. Fe\u2013Ga MPNs also inhibit pro\u2010inflammatory macrophage polarization and upregulate anti\u2010inflammatory and highly phagocytic macrophage polarization. RNA sequencing analysis shows that Fe\u2013Ga MPNs induce transcriptomic changes mainly involving immune regulation and citrate homeostasis pathways. In conclusion, the multifunctional nanonetwork Fe\u2013Ga MPNs, with crystallization inhibition, antioxidant, and immune regulation properties, show great potential in treating CaOx nephropathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202500270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:01:17Z","timestamp":1740121277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Ultrasmall Self\u2010Assembled Gallic\u2010Acid\u2010Based Natural Multifunctional Defense Networks for Therapeutic Application in Calcium Oxalate Nephropathies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang\u2010Xian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Da","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Hua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010Hong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8929-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin\u2010Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of Urology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong 510230 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43400-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-0332-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-011-9113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38975-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2011.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01232-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000038686.17715.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00819-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0CS00018C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201101059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics3040793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.580593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00969B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.02.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"225","volume":"22","author":"Kahkeshani N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm202916x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.12.4110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja029575h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2006.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.3c00906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c09152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.10.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2024.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00392-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105561"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202500270","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202500270","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202500270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1773011058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202500270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202500270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202500270","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2500270"}}