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Mechanical biocidal strategies using nano\u2010scale structures have emerged as a promising antimicrobial approach over the past decade. However, the durability and structural requirements for optimal biocidal performance remain unexplored. Herein, a rationally designed mechano\u2010photocatalytic antimicrobial strategy is reported by systematically optimizing inorganic nanowire (NW) architectures. It is demonstrated that close\u2010packed NWs with diameters less than 100 nm achieve high mechanical biocidal efficiency. The synergistic mechano\u2010photocatalytic approach eliminates &gt;99% of bacteria within 30 mins and inhibits &gt;94% of marine algal fouling. The fabricated NWs exhibit robust durability, retaining 80% bactericidal efficacy through repeated fouling cycles. Even without photocatalytic activation, mechanical disruption alone inactivates &gt;90% of bacteria and prevents &gt;70% of algal attachment. Intriguingly, ultraviolet photostimulation unexpectedly stimulates marine algal growth without the photoactive NWs, contrasting sharply with its inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria. These findings advance the rational design of durable mechano\u2010photocatalytic nano\u2010architectures, emphasizing their dual\u2010action antimicrobial potential. The work underscores the viability of inorganic nanostructures in combating microbial fouling across diverse environments, from medical settings to marine infrastructure, while addressing critical gaps in durability for real\u2010world applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:45:14Z","timestamp":1746175514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rational Design of Microbicidal Inorganic Nano\u2010Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shuaidong","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Decui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  197 Ruijin Er Road Shanghai 200025 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  197 Ruijin Er Road Shanghai 200025 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoming","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  197 Ruijin Er Road Shanghai 200025 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  197 Ruijin Er Road Shanghai 200025 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41490-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2021.100889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0414-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.842922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202315957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2015.1108407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"169","volume":"8","author":"Videla H. 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