{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:12:59Z","timestamp":1775653979065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Controlling metal properties is essential for achieving functional applications, as metals show extreme tunability on surface energies, structural surface areas, and sterilization ability. Existing materials for respiratory droplet detection, critical for controlling infectious disease spread, often lack combined extreme wettability and intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Inspired by the photonic crystals of peacock feathers, a highly sensitive and self\u2010sterilizing optical grating sensor is developed based on a core\u2010shell nanostructured copper\/copper\u2010zinc and zinc oxide (Cu\/CuZn\u2010ZnO)\u00a0composite (interconnected Cu or CuZn nanoparticles encapsulated by ZnO). A two\u2010step laser\u2010induced process controls the composite's properties, creating hierarchical, core\u2010shell nanostructures and simultaneously tailoring surface energy and morphology for superhydrophilicity. This laser\u2010engineered superwetting surface, combining increased surface area and low surface energy, amplifies aqueous droplet footprint diameter over fivefold, enabling picoliter\u2010range electrical detection. The amounts and distribution of droplets can be analyzed using point\u2010to\u2010point optical Fourier translation analysis and classical statistics. The laser\u2010generated ZnO and residual copper species provide inherent antimicrobial properties, achieving effective self\u2010disinfection. This integrated superhydrophilicity and self\u2010disinfection platform offers significant potential for advanced respiratory droplet analysis and public health monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T11:46:16Z","timestamp":1748346376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superwetting, Self\u2010Sterilizing Cu\/CuZn\u2010ZnO Grating via Laser Engineering for Advanced Droplet Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yexin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"},{"name":"The Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing Yan","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haosong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitch Guijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","unstructured":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019) Situation Reports (COVID\u201019 epidemiological update \u2013 9 October 2024) Technical report World Health Organization 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0843-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2014.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00871-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.105978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-022-00934-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c16446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27733-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01704-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39419-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c05154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0035701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2005.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.09.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202304897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c00759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2023.106257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202400045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c10756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2133313100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/25\/13\/135101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn300445d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12134-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2016.10.085"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202502976","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202502976","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202502976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T12:15:24Z","timestamp":1775650524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202502976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202502976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202502976","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2502976"}}