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AFTs can contaminate food and raw materials at different phases of manufacturing, transformation, processing, distribution, and marketing. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most harmful one among AFTs, and it exhibits potent toxic and carcinogenic effects in animals and humans. Currently, the efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection and monitoring of AFB1 in processed food and raw materials are urgently required. Nanomaterials, which possess unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, have gained increased traction in the manufacturing and improvement of biosensors for the detection sensitivity to AFB1. Herein, a comprehensive review of the development of nanomaterials\u2010based biosensors for the detection of AFB1 in food and raw materials and their potential applications is provided. Additionally, the sensitivity, selectivity, and effectiveness in the detection of real samples are discussed. The biosensors aimed at AFB1 screening are highlighted using novel nanomaterials such as noble metal nanomaterials, quantum dots, and carbon\u2010based nanomaterials. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, representing an important starting point for the future development and innovation of further innovative detection methods for AFB1 in food and raw materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202503718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:19:39Z","timestamp":1753852779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nanomaterial\u2010Based Biosensors for Aflatoxin B1 Detection: Current Advances, Challenges, and Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Boyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection (Hainan) Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection (Hainan) Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun Jilin 130022 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Velkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Biodiscovery Institute Monash University Clayton  Victoria 3800 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gea Oliveri","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Surgical and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Environmental and Public Health section University of Catania  Catania I\u201095123 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection (Hainan) Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection (Hainan) Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongshan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection (Hainan) Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811444-5.00009-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00294-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12030172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1887077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03743-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"2170","volume":"7","author":"Kumar P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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