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Conventional silent speech recognition (SSR) methods, including vision\u2010based, ultrasound, inaudible acoustic, and surface electromyography (sEMG) approaches, suffer from limitations such as sensitivity to lighting conditions, occlusions, motion artifacts, and reliance on external power sources, restricting their applicability. Similarly, gold\u2010standard swallowing assessments, including videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), are invasive and unsuitable for continuous monitoring. To address these limitations, we introduce a highly flexible, self\u2010powered tactile sensor array based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for SSR and swallowing motion analysis. The sensor comprises a microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer and an electrospun Nylon 6\/6 nanofiber film optimized for triboelectric charge generation and mechanical stability. Integrated within a 2\u00d72 matrix, the TENG sensor array accurately captures lip and laryngeal movements. Machine learning analysis enables accurate silent speech\u2010based user authentication (97.06%) and high\u2010precision classification (98.04%) of critical swallow rehabilitation maneuvers, including the supraglottic swallow, Mendelsohn maneuver, and super\u2010supraglottic swallow. This TENG\u2010based sensor array offers a robust, non\u2010invasive, and self\u2010sustaining solution for real\u2010time speech and swallowing analysis, establishing a foundation for next\u2010generation wearable assistive technologies bridging clinical diagnostics and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202503969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T01:05:27Z","timestamp":1749690327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Highly Flexible Self\u2010Powered Triboelectric Sensor Array for Silent Speech Recognition and Swallowing Motion Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Parag","family":"Parashar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei 10617 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Chien","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hao","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bishal Kumar","family":"Nahak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei 10617 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Kaswan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Cheng","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Spine Section Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan 333 Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan 333 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Jia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zong\u2010Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei 10617 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay3210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00691-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211039721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-023-00286-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-151078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2017.2740000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29083-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3026579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3419170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2024.103140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"37","volume":"4","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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