{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:16:43Z","timestamp":1789269403527,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysis holds promise for sterilization but faces limitations in rapid charge recombination, UV\u2010restricted activity, and pathogen electrostatic repulsion. Herein, a directionally designed double direct Z\u2010scheme BiOBr@CDs\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2212<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    heterojunction is constructed, in which defective BiOBr microspheres core with dominant (110) facets exhibiting photochromism via hole trapping is synergistically integrated with carbon dots (CDs)\u2010modified TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2212<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    shell. Amine\u2010functionalized CDs simultaneously reduce and dope TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2212<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , thereby generating oxygen vacancies and enhancing positive surface charges. By leveraging BiOBr's hole\u2010trapping affinity and CDs\u2019 electron\u2010transmitting capability, BiOBr@CDs\u2010TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2212<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    achieves spatial charge separation via a double Z\u2010scheme mechanism. This system eradicates 99.9% of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) in 1\u00a0h, concomitantly achieving biofilm clearance and pollutant degradation under visible light. The work pioneers CDs\u2019 novel application in constructing oxygen vacancies of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2\u2212<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and establishes a carrier\u2010affinity\u2010driven paradigm for directional heterojunction design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202505905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:21:28Z","timestamp":1754904088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Directionally Designed Double Z\u2010Scheme Heterojunction: BiOBr and Carbon Dots\u2010Reduced TiO\n                    <sub>2\u2212x<\/sub>\n                    for Targeted Photocarriers Separation in Photocatalytic Sterilization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shurui","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection  Beijing 102205 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper\u2010based Materials South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection  Beijing 102205 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqin","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection  Beijing 102205 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection  Beijing 102205 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper\u2010based Materials South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 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