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Nevertheless, their practical applications in underwater environments are limited by challenges such as hydrogel swelling and ionic components leaching. Herein, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL)\u2010mediated molecular engineering strategy is presented to fabricate underwater\u2010stable conductive hydrogels integrated with anti\u2010swelling and adhesion properties. The strategy utilizes a DMSO\u2010IL binary solvent that exploits differential polymer\u2010water affinity to drive phase separation. Notably, hydrophobic IL enhances phase separation through multiple interactions with hydrophilic groups while constructing a bicontinuous conductive network within the hydrogel. The strategic incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) increases the cross\u2010linking density, enhancing the mechanical and anti\u2010swelling performance of the hydrogel. The fabricated hydrogels are utilized as wearable sensors featuring reliability and wide sensing ranges for underwater communication and human motion detection. The hydrogel sensor could withstand 400 stretching\u2010releasing cycles and 1 month of immersion in water, with negligible performance change. This molecular design strategy advances the development of durable ionic conductive hydrogels for underwater electronics, addressing key limitations in underwater sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:56:27Z","timestamp":1758704187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Ionic Liquid\u2010Mediated Phase Separated Hydrogels With Bicontinous Conductive Networks for Long\u2010Term Underwater Strain Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 P. R. 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