{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:37:02Z","timestamp":1790354222918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113\u20102221\u2010E\u2010002\u2010211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113\u20102221\u2010E\u2010002\u2010211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113\u20102221\u2010E\u2010002\u2010211\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113\u20102221\u2010E\u2010002\u2010211\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, we develop a 3D bioprinted auxetic hydrogel dressing (MX\/CPDs@PBGC) that incorporates Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    MXene (MX) and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) for the simultaneous treatment of chronic wounds infected with multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) bacteria. The PBGC matrix, composed of polyvinyl alcohol (P), boric acid (B), gelatin (G), and citrate (C), provides enhanced mechanical strength, self\u2010healing capability, and auxetic behavior, ensuring durability and adaptability to complex, mobile wound sites. The responsive release of CPDs and MXene enables the controlled delivery of therapeutics, adapting to the dynamic environment of chronic wounds. CPDs derived from mannose and arginine offer potent antibacterial and (pro\u2010)regenerative activity, while MXene contributes antioxidative and anti\u2010inflammatory functions. In a diabetic mouse model with MRSA\u2010infected wounds, the hydrogel significantly accelerated healing, reduced bacterial load, and outperformed commercial 3\u00a0M antibacterial dressings. Histological analysis revealed enhanced collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and epithelialization, as well as increased polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Additionally, treatment with MX\/CPDs@PBGC resulted in a marked reduction in pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, confirming effective infection control and modulation of inflammation. These results highlight the potential of MX\/CPDs@PBGC as a multifunctional dressing for treating MDR\u2010infected wounds and support its further clinical investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202508633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:48:36Z","timestamp":1767178116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["3D\u2010Printed Auxetic Hydrogel Dressings Reinforced With MXene and Carbonized Polymer Dots for Cascaded Antibacterial and Pro\u2010Regenerative Effects in Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University  Keelung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian\u2010Ci","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pulikkutty","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhil K.","family":"Paulose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Ching","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University  Keelung Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University  Keelung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010En","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/bjbs.2023.11387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cAntimicrobial resistance \u201dWorld Health Organization accessed May 10 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial\u2010resistance."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010023\u201008631\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S209881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20106445(03)00047\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH01588B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c07894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201001714\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b03823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR01959K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00221C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.39863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631\u20108695\/ad4cb4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c01021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA02308J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922364117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2023.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.32.5.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9033936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010021\u201000320\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Nanomaterials Interaction with Cell Membranes: Computer Simulation Studies","volume":"24","author":"Tsukanov A. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2024.2307616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1154301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR04260C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Wound Healing","volume":"33","author":"Oliveira A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatological Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010024\u201001035\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.3c00336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201023304\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","article-title":"Designer Micro\/Nano\u2010Crumpled MXene Multilayer Coatings Accelerate Osteogenesis and Regulate Macrophage Polarization","volume":"10","author":"Tokmedash M. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8917804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00221C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300890"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00578F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA00631C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1094"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202508633","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202508633","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202508633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:47:28Z","timestamp":1772984848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202508633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202508633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202508633","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e08633"}}