{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:30:25Z","timestamp":1785249025364,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["564564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["564564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018703","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101099058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101099058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019180","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101157423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101157423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The mass of nanoparticles has a critical influence on their phenomenology and functional performance, driving the need for measurement tools that combine high\u2010throughput with high\u2010resolution single\u2010particle analysis. Mass characterization of large nanoparticle populations under such demands remains a persistent challenge, particularly for nanoparticles of large mass, where consolidated techniques encounter limitations. Here, a dip\u2010in nanomechanical probe sensing approach for weighing nanoparticles in liquid suspensions which simultaneously provides high mass resolution and sensing rate is demonstrated. The method relies on nanoparticle transfer to nanowire resonator probes via iterative immersion into the suspension, requiring minimal volume and resulting in negligible losses. It also introduces ionic liquids as suspension media, enabling vacuum operation for optimizing mass resolution through single\u2010mode resonance frequency tracking of the probes. Additionally, implementing acoustofluidic actuation on the suspension regulates nanoparticle adsorption\/desorption during immersion, significantly enhancing the sensing rate. Measurements of 30\u00a0nm gold nanoparticles demonstrate accurate characterization of their mass distribution with a probe resolution of 0.1\u00a0ag, a sensing rate of 38 NPs\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and a sample volume of a few nanoliters. The concurrent advances in all these performance characteristics reveal the potential of dip\u2010in nanomechanical probes for precise and fast characterization of individual nanoparticles over a wide mass range.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202509144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T10:00:27Z","timestamp":1759831227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dip\u2010in Nanomechanical Probes for Mass Characterization of Nanoparticles in Ultra\u2010Low Volume Liquid Suspensions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9363-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier E.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila M.","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9860-0634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Malvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4604-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Ruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5280-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Tamayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9325-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"San Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2414-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00eda IMN\u2010CNM CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC)  Isaac Newton 8 Tres Cantos Madrid 28760 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/263\/3\/032019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.9.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01477-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR02278J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25584-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0096033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460400300104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200023x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering6010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.16.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl052396o"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-018-2457-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201405050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-018-0132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30323-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00869-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0021640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl101107u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318602111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC51058A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150407650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b02038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat6457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.2c06675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500411q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b822551f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b508238b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP02233J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-019-0064-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc0467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00109-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b04909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52690-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c02056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. E.Escobar J.Molina E.Gil\u2010Santos J. J.Ruz \u00d3.Malvar P. M.Kosaka J.Tamayo \u00c1. S.Paulo M.Calleja in2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)2023 IEEE Munich Germany p.1056\u20101059.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMS49605.2023.10052471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4813819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-025-04295-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3025305"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202509144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:48:35Z","timestamp":1764244115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202509144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202509144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202509144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e09144"}}