{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:43:43Z","timestamp":1789541023080,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000147","name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI\u20102134607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI\u20102134607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Accurate detection and enrichment of trace\u2010level biomolecules are essential for early disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and biotechnological research. However, conventional adsorbents often lack the sensitivity and selectivity required at ultralow analyte concentrations. Here, a systematic study is conducted on dopamine adsorption on amino\u2010acid\u2010surface\u2010modified Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    MXene nanosheets covalently grafted onto glass wool via silane linkers. Comprehensive characterization confirms the stability of the MXene lattice and successful functionalization. Continuous\u2010flow columns packed with amino acid\u2010MXene\u2013coated glass wool are fabricated, enabling preconcentration and recovery from real samples. Adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo\u2013second\u2010order kinetics, indicative of chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis (\u0394G\u2070 &lt; 0, \u0394H\u2070 &gt; 0, \u0394S\u2070 &gt; 0) reveals a spontaneous, endothermic process accompanied by increased interfacial disorder. Among the tested modifiers, the cystine\u2010modified MXene exhibits nearly complete uptake (10\u00a0ppm analyte) through synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and thiol\u2013catechol interactions. Under optimized conditions, &gt;99% desorption is achieved using ultrasonic\u2010assisted ethanol\u2013acetic acid elution, with stable performance over ten adsorption\u2013desorption cycles. Compared with activated carbon and silica gel, the amino acid\u2013MXene adsorbents demonstrate markedly superior capacity, selectivity, and cycling stability, establishing a versatile platform for trace biomolecule capture and enrichment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202509635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T19:16:49Z","timestamp":1763579809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Selective Adsorption of Trace Biomolecules by Amino Acid\u2010Functionalized Ti\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    C\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    T\n                    <i>\n                      <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    <\/i>\n                    MXene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Vojoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University  Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University  Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Soroush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University  Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel 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