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Herein, a bilayer core\u2010shell ZIF (PS@BCZ)\u2010derived strategy is presented that enables the in situ growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and uniform embedding of cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) within an N\u2010doped hollow porous carbon matrix (CNT\u2010Co\/N\u2010HPC). Sequential ZIF\u20108\/ZIF\u201067 growth on polystyrene spheres, followed by pyrolysis, induces Zn sublimation from the ZIF\u20108 layer, generating structural defects that promote CNT formation and facilitate the uniform dispersion of Co catalytic sites. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Zn\u2010induced defect environments are critical for triggering CNT growth in the presence of Co catalysts. The optimized CNT\u2010Co\/N\u2010HPC(1\/20) exhibited excellent ORR performance, achieving a half\u2010wave potential of 0.864\u00a0V (vs RHE) and a diffusion\u2010limited current density of 5.35\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in alkaline media, comparable to commercial Pt\/C. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding long\u2010term durability (98.9% retention after 10 h, and only a slight 8\u00a0mV negative shift in half\u2010wave potential after 5000 potential cycles) and strong tolerance to methanol. This study elucidates the role of Zn\u2010induced defects in directing CNT growth and highlights a tunable ZIF\u2010derived strategy for engineering efficient carbon\u2010based ORR catalysts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202509739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T09:56:25Z","timestamp":1764237385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defect\u2010Mediated In Situ CNT Growth in Hollow Porous Carbon From ZIF\u20108\/ZIF\u201067 Bilayers for Efficient and Stable ORR Catalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Heejun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  291 Daehak\u2010ro, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of 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