{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:32Z","timestamp":1786978532223,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1037\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1037\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1312\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1312\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["691\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["691\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Precise control over crystal morphology is a longstanding challenge in materials science, as crystal shape governs optical, mechanical, and electronic properties. In contrast, living organisms achieve remarkable control over crystal morphology, though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Among the most common organic materials are guanine crystals, notable for their plate\u2010like morphology and high anisotropic refractive index, arising from the stacking of hydrogen\u2010bonded molecular layers along the (100) plane. Here we show that simple synthetic polymers not only reproduce this biogenic plate\u2010like form in vitro but also expand the accessible morphology space to prisms and needles by systematically varying i) multivalent interactions, ii) functional\u2010group identity, and iii) polarity and hydrogen\u2010bonding capacity. Using microscopy, spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we find that carbonyl\u2010bearing polymers selectively adsorb to the (100) stacking face, cap layer addition along the\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010axis, and yield large plates indistinguishable from biogenic crystals. In contrast, reducing carbonyl polarity, increasing steric\u2010bulk, or introducing highly\u2010polar groups redirect adsorption and produces bulkier prisms or slender needles. Simulations corroborate facet selectivity, identify contact motifs involving carbonyl oxygens and adjacent methylenes. Together, these findings provide design principles for sculpting organic crystals and suggest analogous interactions exploited by biological scaffolds to orchestrate guanine assembly.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202510102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1767624006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Molecular Basis of Growth Control in Guanine Crystals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7001-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolev","family":"Brenman\u2010Begin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0147-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohar","family":"Eyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5135-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idan","family":"Biran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"},{"name":"Center for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION) Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark  Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6713-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Kampf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuval","family":"Barzilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5794-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kossoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lothar","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liel","family":"Sapir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barak","family":"Hirshberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dvir","family":"Gur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900080v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570\u2010018\u20101974\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz300600j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE00688G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00481J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2424979122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0079\u20106107(72)90004\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-062910-095803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FD00033E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"2206","article-title":"The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity","volume":"379","author":"Politi Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.08.051"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","article-title":"Microstructural design for mechanical\u2010optical multifunctionality in the exoskeleton of the flower beetle Torynorrhina flammea","volume":"118","author":"Jia Z. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46117-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201700939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35090573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja016990l"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cg0704753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.6b00566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c11136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201035894\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.200541154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/71\/7\/076401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.430376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b05289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CE00485F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","article-title":"The Dual Functional Reflecting Iris of the Zebrafish","volume":"5","author":"Gur D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advancement of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b03549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108270106026011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201704801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201205336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202202242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c00724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20106480(69)90157\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589\u2010024\u201001722\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"8910","article-title":"Rationalizing the Influence of Small\u2010Molecule Dopants on Guanine Crystal Morphology","volume":"36","author":"Wagner A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.5c00205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c00550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.9b00447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CE00920E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CE00148E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CE01709H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm33047d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202003156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201007560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.10190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.4c04774"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56607-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn302784m"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssc.2009.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo034760e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224\u2010015\u20100605\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","article-title":"Aromatic\u2010Carbonyl Interactions as an Emerging Type of Non\u2010Covalent Interactions","volume":"11","author":"Yin C. W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advancement of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","volume-title":"Rates and Equilibria of Organic Reactions as Treated by Statistical, Thermodynamic, and Extrathermodynamic Methods","author":"Leffler J. E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.540040211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","unstructured":"A.LindahlandV.Hess & der Spoel GROMACS 20196 Source Code(2020) Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3685922."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b810189b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b11927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589\u2010025\u201002020\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010023\u201001182\u20104"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202510102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202510102","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202510102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:49:01Z","timestamp":1772984941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202510102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202510102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202510102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10102"}}