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Nevertheless, concerns about their potential neurotoxicity remain unanswered. Here, we conduct a systematic assessment. We study the biodistribution, neurobehavioral effects, and cellular responses in mice after tail vein injection of mercaptopropionic acid\u2013modified CdTe QDs. The QDs display a blood clearance half\u2010life of around 8\u00a0h. They mainly accumulate in the liver and kidneys and cross the blood\u2013brain barrier within one hour, with the highest accumulation within the brain regions. Significantly, even though there is transient systemic toxicity, exposure to QDs triggers persistent neuroinflammation and causes substantial impairments in hippocampus\u2010dependent learning and memory. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we carried out single\u2010cell RNA sequencing on hippocampal tissue. This high\u2010resolution analysis uncovers a coordinated multicellular response, with microglia, oligodendrocyte precursors, and endothelial cells serving as key contributors to inflammatory, oxidative, and cellular stress pathways. These findings clarify the multicellular mechanisms underlying QD\u2010induced neurotoxicity and establish a framework for assessing the neuro\u2010safety of nanomaterials in biomedical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202510266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:28:04Z","timestamp":1766996884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ADME Profiling of Quantum Dots and Immune Responses: Impact of Dynamic Inflammatory Mediator Changes on the Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing P. R. 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