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However, research on 3D controllable crystallization remains unexplored. In this work, we develop a novel strategy for controlling the crystallization of supersaturated sodium acetate trihydrate through programmable seeding, to investigate the crystallization principle from confined channels to unconfined flat plane and 3D space. In confined channels, geometric constraints drive crystals to align along the channel direction, except in right\u2010angle channels. In unconfined conditions, various programmable seeding templates (e.g., point, lines, planes, and 3D structures) are used to initiate nucleation and control growth of crystal. Crystallization follows a universal principle, where crystals grow perpendicularly to seeding templates, attributable to constraints from their needle\u2010like habit and surface energy minimization. Specifically, points seeding induces radial crystal alignment, while linear and planar seeding lead to perpendicular crystal growth. Furthermore, overall crystal patterns generated from multiple seeding templates are successfully analyzed and predicted using Voronoi diagrams, a spatial discretization model. Controllable crystallization enables barrier\u2010guided path planning and the fabrication of 3D bionic tree structures with capillary\u2010active channels. Understanding 3D crystallization principles opens new avenues for novel manufacturing techniques, advanced crystallization processes and high\u2010performance functional materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202510814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T05:38:28Z","timestamp":1767159508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D Controllable Crystallization by Programmable Seeding"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Guofeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence Shaoxing Institute of Technology  Shaoxing China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 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