{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:43:35Z","timestamp":1792212215487,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Next\u2010generation microelectronic devices and energy systems will require fabrication techniques that enable the rapid spatial arrangement of 1D and 2D functional nanomaterials. Arranging atomically thin 2D nanosheets in three\u2010dimensional (3D) space, however, is challenging due to the need for additives or support materials required for their spatial build\u2010up. Here, we report an advanced fabrication technique that can arrange nanometer\u2010thick micron\u2010sized Ti\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    MXene 2D nanosheets in self\u2010supporting three\u2010dimensional structures in a single printing step. This additive\u2010free approach leverages aerosol jet 3D nanoprinting (AJP), where fluid dynamics of rapidly evaporating aerosol droplets is used to achieve precise, support\u2010free, freestanding 3D geometries of 2D nanosheets. A real\u2010time thickening effect during printing and van der Waals interactions between MXene nanosheets are identified as the basis of robust structure formation in 3D, offering a pathway to use 2D materials in device applications. The versatility and impact of this technique are demonstrated by constructing 3D microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with finely patterned 3D MXene electrodes. These devices exhibit a breakthrough areal capacitance of 375 mF\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at a current density of 1.5 mA\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    (equivalent electrode capacitance of 1500 mF\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and an energy density of 11.04 \u00b5Wh\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at a power density of 0.40 mW\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This electrochemical performance far exceeds that of MSCs fabricated by other high\u2010resolution patterning methods. This work paves the way for the use of 2D materials in micron\u2010sized device systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202510964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:32:46Z","timestamp":1768912366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MXene 3D\u2010AJP: Three\u2010Dimensional Well\u2010Oriented Freeform Networks of 2D MXene Nanosheets via Aerosol\u2010Based 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chunshan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjida","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Azahar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-2936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Panat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 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