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Herein, 3D Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/carbon foams (Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/CFs) with gradient microstructure and tunable interface work function are constructed. The n\u2013n Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    heterojunction facilitates interfacial charge transfer, substantially reducing the initial resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0\u2193<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Concurrently, within carbon foam, the vertically\u2010grown hierarchical architectures composed of Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    micro\u2010cones with gradient stiffness and surface\u2010distributed SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles synergistically generate stress concentration at Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    tips and the proliferation of conductive pathways upon compression, thereby amplifying resistance variation (\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\u2191<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for improved sensitivity and extended detection range. Capitalizing on these structural advantages, Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/CF\u2010based flexible pressure sensor exhibits an elevated sensitivity of 479 kPa\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , a wide sensing range of 0\u201350\u00a0kPa, and exceptional stability. Furthermore, smart insoles integrated with Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/CF sensors enable real\u2010time gait analysis, demonstrating its capability to give guidance on personalized rehabilitation training and therapeutic management through precise assessments of neurological and traumatic disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T07:31:51Z","timestamp":1762155111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hierarchical Design and Interfacial Work Function Modulation Endow Fe\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    \/SnO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \/Carbon Foam Improved Sensibility for Rehabilitation Training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE) Henan University  Zhengzhou 450046 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics &amp; Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xi'an 710072 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conghao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics &amp; Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xi'an 710072 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics &amp; Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xi'an 710072 P. R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghai","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE) Henan University  Zhengzhou 450046 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gengzhi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing 211816 P. R. 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