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This study investigates the uptake and assimilation of foliar\u2010applied \u223c25 nm polyacrylic acid\u2010coated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (nPAA\u2010MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in 4\u2010week\u2010old Mn\u2010deficient barley (\n                    <jats:italic>Hordeum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and compares them to ionic Mn. Complementary imaging methods showed rapid (2 h) leaf penetration of nPAA\u2010MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    through stomata, facilitated by the formulation\u00b4s low surface tension and the addition of 3% glycerol as a humectant. Although ionic Mn displayed higher uptake efficiency than nPAA MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\u223c90% vs \u223c11%), the latter restored Mn\u2010dependent photosynthetic functionality without inducing phytotoxicity, even at high Mn concentrations (4 g L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Labeling experiments with tracer ions revealed nPAA\u2010MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hotspots around vascular bundles and a small (1.9%), yet significant, basipetal translocation of Mn out of the foliar application zone after 4 days, compared to only 0.1% for ionic Mn. By delineating the distinct uptake pathways and metabolic fate of nPAA\u2010MnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    versus ionic Mn, these findings provide the mechanistic foundation for developing a novel generation of nano\u2010enabled strategies to address Mn and other micronutrient deficiencies in crops.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T10:24:02Z","timestamp":1770200642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polymer\u2010Coated Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Foliar Mn Delivery: Mechanisms of Uptake and Metabolic Responses in Mn Deficient Barley"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pinna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn Krarup","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil Visby","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark Department of Physics  Kgs. Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Thi\u00e9baut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusta","family":"Szameitat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Martin\u2010Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tue","family":"Hassenkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Globe Institute University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Claude","family":"Grivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark Department of Energy Conversion and Storage  Kgs. 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