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The 2D nanomaterial appears as a quasi\u2010monolayer film, composed of distributed AuNPs and tightly packed CaF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    :Yb,Er NPs. The film shows excellent upconversion emission arising from the Er\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions following excitation of the Yb\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions under 980 nm laser radiation. Optical thermometry investigations were conducted in various\u00a0media (air, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, and D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) to assess the performance of the film as an optical nanothermometer. The thermometric calibration curves obtained within the physiological temperature range (25\u201360\u00b0C) support its potential application in 2D optical nanothermometry. By evaluating the energy gap between the two thermalized levels and calibrating the upconversion at one temperature, the nanocomposite film was found to perform reliably as a primary thermometer. Furthermore, image\u2010based optical thermometry has demonstrated that upconversion emission can be successfully employed for local temperature estimation, thereby enabling image\u2010based 2D optical thermometry with micrometer\u2010scale spatial resolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:53:22Z","timestamp":1768827202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Hybrid Nanocomposite Films for Optical Diagnostics and Optical Temperature Sensing: Synergy Among \u03b1\u2010Synuclein, Gold and Upconverting Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5966-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Milan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and INSTM, RU of Verona University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9306-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Tira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomacromolecular Chemistry Lab \u2010 Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4539-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Cressoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and INSTM, RU of Verona University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico Antonio","family":"Giacomazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and INSTM, RU of Verona University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1604-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Canton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca' Foscari University of Venice Venezia\u2010Mestre Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9331-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Assfalg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomacromolecular Chemistry Lab \u2010 Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Speghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and INSTM, RU of Verona University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202315509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407146102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja044834j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.157214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807826105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b07701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b08983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920309789351921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00542J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.ChitiandC. 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