{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:56:29Z","timestamp":1790913389877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pandemics threaten societies, driving the need for new therapeutics. Medical gas plasma, a partially ionized gas, has been proposed as an antiviral agent, but its mechanisms of action are elusive. We employed a certified argon plasma jet and dynamic infection monitoring. Gas plasma exposure reduced adenovirus infectivity in lung cells in treatment time\u2010dependently, with 90s yielding infectivity losses of 96%. The antioxidants N\u2011acetylcysteine and tyrosine, and the nitric oxide scavenger carboxy\u2011PTIO, abrogated gas plasma\u2010mediated virus inactivation, implicating hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite chemistry (involving superoxide and nitric oxide) as key antiviral gas plasma agents. These did not induce virus DNA fragmentation or cross\u2010linking but morphological and virus size alterations (16.5% decrease). High\u2010resolution mass spectrometry identified oxidative hotspots on critical histidine and cysteine residues of penton, hexon, and fiber proteins, which are involved in cellular entry and stability. The dominant reactive pathways include oxidative and nitrosative chemistry caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g., \u2022OH, 1O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2022, NO, and ONOO\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) generated by gas plasma, which lead to viral protein oxidation, lysis, and nucleic acid base modifications. Together, these findings delineate the mechanisms of gas plasma\u2010mediated viral inactivation and support its translational implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:11:07Z","timestamp":1768644667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Medical Gas Plasma Inactivates Adenoviruses via Capsid Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anke","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Heuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology Rostock University Medical Center  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schulan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Miebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Greifswald University Medical Center  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Martinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre Rostock University Medical Center  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander","family":"Bekeschus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIK plasmatis Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology Rostock University Medical Center  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.11.8806\u20108812.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.991856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.3.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.202400255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctpp.70044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfutfo.2024.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201009251\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2004.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202102306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800026g"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvi095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.01.177519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/aab3ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201080512\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02315\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0046685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102672.2012.05267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9062098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00542\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0969\u20102126(94)00126\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00721\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100036\u20101584923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.202000215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298\u2010025\u201000110\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12010334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02300\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1998.0516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.815393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010024\u201009886\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/694269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02836\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/ab1466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56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