{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T17:47:46Z","timestamp":1774720066635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acoustic microfluidics has become a powerful and robust tool for non\u2010contact, label\u2010free, and biocompatible manipulation of microscale bioparticles. However, current technologies are mostly confined to specialized research laboratories. Low operational consistency and repeatability are key barriers that impede realization of commercially viable platforms. Industrial and clinical applications also require real\u2010world performance monitoring. Thus, there is an urgent need for rapid and precise methods to experimentally characterize acoustofluidic devices. We propose to use the unicellular alga\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    to assess the acoustic field within a hybrid acoustic microfluidic platform. Unlike the passive particles typically used for such measurements,\n                    <jats:italic>C. reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells swim freely and redistribute in the absence of a strong acoustic field, which allows a population of cells to represent a continuously changing acoustic pressure distribution. We use this method to characterize novel hybrid acoustofluidic devices that incorporate bulk acoustic waves generated by mode conversion of surface acoustic waves. Optimal low and high resonant frequencies of operation are identified, and acoustic pressure fields are imaged in real\u2010time using the distribution density of\n                    <jats:italic>C. reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells. Measurements confirm the high energy transfer efficiency of these hybrid devices, which are suitable for biocompatible trapping of microswimmers and other difficult\u2010to\u2010manipulate particles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202511937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:34:58Z","timestamp":1769859298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low\u2010 and High\u2010Frequency Characterization of Hybrid Acoustofluidic Devices Using Motile Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9610-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Advaith","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"School of Energy and Environment Southeast University  Nanjing P. 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