{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:38:16Z","timestamp":1789601896735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82572259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82572259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82102085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma, a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates, urgently requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are highly efficient and minimally toxic. Sonodynamic therapy has garnered significant attention due to its non\u2010invasiveness, deep tissue penetration capability, and low side effects, yet its efficacy is highly dependent on the development of high\u2010performance sonocatalyst. This study successfully prepared Pd\u2010integrated indium oxide with abundant structural defects as a novel sonocatalyst for the highly efficient sonocatalytic eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, Pd confers catalase\u2010like and peroxidase\u2010like enzymatic activities, modulating the tumor microenvironment to alleviate hypoxia and augment hydroxyl radical production, consequently amplifying sonocatalytic efficacy. Mechanistic insights identify a synergistic pathway involving both apoptosis and ferroptosis. This hybridized apoptotic\/ferroptotic pathway acts synergistically to amplify oxidative cellular damage, ultimately achieving significant suppression and eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma. This work not only provides a novel strategy for designing efficient sonosensitizers through defect engineering but also unveils a new mechanism whereby engineered sonocatalysts can treat cancer by triggering hybridized cell death pathways, offering a promising approach and theoretical foundation for the sonodynamic therapy of liver cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202512436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:54:46Z","timestamp":1770044086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sonocatalytic Eradication of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Tailoring Structural Defects of Black Indium Oxide Sonocatalysts and Leveraging Apoptosis\/Ferroptosis\u2010Hybridized Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chunrong","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiameng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, National Clinical Research Center of Interventional Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University  Shanghai P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00395-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0179-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202005111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25303-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202202964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17485-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201900730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202004894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50769-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202208817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202270134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b09056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0341-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b02904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c04879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16336-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202012550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202209484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201702673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja501866r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202202609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA05487H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202205429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00462-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj8833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04137-1"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202512436","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202512436","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202512436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:23:51Z","timestamp":1786116231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202512436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202512436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202512436","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12436"}}